I've read and googled and searched here and I've come to the following conclusion.
1. None of the notes views allow me to see both the text I've highlighted *and* the notes I wrote about that text. This includes the "full" view, which inexplicably does not show me the text that I've highlighted.
2. The only way I can see both together is to view the original book with the highlighting and then hover over the note "indicator" at the beginning of the highlight.
3. If a highlight also has a note attached to it, there is no indication of that when viewing the highlighted area in the book. And if it doesn't have an "indicator" on it, there is no way to even find out without right-clicking and selecting "open annotation" to tell it to bring up a note that might or might not even exist.
4. It is impossible to use a shortcut to add a highlight that includes an "indicator."
5. Even with export, there is no way to view both the highlighted text and the note together.
Thus, if I want to highlight sections of a book and make notes on them, I cannot use a shortcut, or I will never be able to see both the highlighted text and my notes on it.
What this means is that using a shortcut to highlight and note something does something fundamentally different than right-clicking to do the same.
An obvious solution to this problem would be to use Clippings. However, in that case, as far as I can tell, there is no way to highlight the text, nor is there any way when re-reading the book, to find what texts you highlighted or what notes your wrote.
Am I missing something major? How do people highlight and make notes on a commentary, for example? The right-click menu is so slow to come up, I can't fathom using it to create every highlight I want.