Is there a one volume English OT that has the Targums under each verse?
mm.
Maybe so; I don't know of one. You'll get lucky.
It'd be rough sailing, since there's several Targum versions, some close (Onkelos) and others pretty wild (Pseud-J). And the other issue (when comparing) is you don't know 'when' on the targums, other than DSS fragments. Could be well into the 'Christian' period (for cultural impact). King messiah comes to mind.
Ok thanks. You know I don't know an awful lot about the Targums only what I was taught in seminary. Forget most if not all of it.
These translations were they what the Jews believed? because, from what I've looked at, it seems that some Targums are saying that Jesus and the Father were the Two Powers. The Supreme and the Lesser.
Doesn't that say that the Jews (correct word?) believed that the Messiah was Jesus? and that the Messiah was the son of Joseph and Mary? and yet today some Jews deny that Jesus was/is the Messiah and doesn't that go against the Targums?
Just trying to figuring this whole Bible/God thing out!!
I thought that when Aramaic became the common language and Hebrew was no longer understood, the Targums served as a paraphrase of the Hebrew - sometimes quite literal, sometimes expanding upon the Hebrew. I think that at first they were only on-the-fly in the synagogue and that when they were written, they were not authoritative ... but I certainly may remember incorrectly.
To clarify a bit, the DSS has targums ... fragments ... aramaic. As to how such were used is strictly guesswork. Did Jesus at the synogogue read hebrew? Or aramaic? Or greek? Just illustrating, but there's almost no evidence during aramaic's ascendency. And by Jesus' time, who knows? When James wrote to Antioch, he likely wrote greek. Grew up at Nazareth.
The other targum copies (the big ones), also aramaic are much later. A thousand years. So, guesswork as to how old, who, where, and even if used. The best guesses are the ones closest to the hebrew. But that's largely circular reasoning.
Now, most people don't realize the apostolic fathers are similar ... copies are not that old, obvious editing, and not exactly clear who used them, except somebody did (since they got copied and ref'd).
Regarding Jesus, no he's not been targumized. But a king messiah is in the expansions. However, most don't realize the late 1st century and early second was the primary jewish messiah period. So, a king messiah well fits, as well as its occurance in the Talmud ... no logical need for the Christian one.
