Verbum Search through Tip of the Day #40a

MJ. Smith
MJ. Smith MVP Posts: 53,877
edited November 2024 in English Forum

Tip 40a: Library Results: Resource toolbar: Interlinears: Bibles part 1

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The Lexham Hebrew Bible has an Interlinear Bible; the presence of the interlinear is indicated by the presence of the interlinear/reverse interlinear icon on the resource toolbar. However, with the Lexham Hebrew Bible, there is a twist:

  • Van der Merwe, Christo. 2004. The Lexham Hebrew-English Interlinear Bible. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press. This is the typical source-to-target language interlinear.
  • The Lexham Hebrew Bible. 2012. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press. This provides an all Hebrew interlinear showing the qere and ketiv forms.

Qere-Ketiv forms interlinear

For an introduction to Qere and Ketiv see Wikipedia.

Definitions from the Search Fields section of the Information Panel of The Lexham Hebrew Bible.

Kethiv Text

The text of the Hebrew Bible that is written when it differs from the text to be read.

Qere Text

The text of the Hebrew Bible that is to be read when it differs from the text that was written.

This type of interlinear is available in:

  • Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia: SESB Version. 2003. electronic ed. Stuttgart: German Bible Society.
  • Biblia Hebraica Westmonasteriensis with Westminster Hebrew Morphology 4.18. 2013. J. Alan Groves Center for Advanced Biblical Research.
  • The Lexham Hebrew Bible. 2012. Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press.

Step 1: Select Interlinear/Reverse interlinear icon.

Step 2: Select inline interlinear. Note that you can turn three lines (readings) on and off independently.

Step 3: Observe the presence of alternative readings. Note that the right-click Context Menu reflects the complexity of the multiple readings.

One can build a search for just qere and ketiv forms by limiting the text searched (1).

The Reader’s Edition options will be discussed in the Hebrew-English interlinear section.

Hebrew-English interlinear

No, it is not “cheating” to switch to a different resource in the panel as this is an equivalent resource, an option that is discussed below.

LHB (1) is the resource open in the panel; the equivalent resources icon (2) is opened to show the ribbon of equivalent resources for which I select the LHI (3) to illustrate the Hebrew-English interlinear functions.

From Verbum Help:

Inline Interlinear

Resources with reverse interlinears can display the original language information inline with the translated text in the resource.

Click the interlinear icon, if available, to select the information to show inline with the translated text.

Reader’s Edition — Hides interlinear information for most commonly used words, and for words in a given word list. This is geared to help users learn how to read original languages more naturally. This works only with original language interlinears.[1]

 

Step 1: Select Interlinear/Reverse interlinear icon.

Step 2: Select inline interlinear. Choose which of the following lines should be shown. Definitions are from the wiki page Reverse-Interlinear/Interlinear Bibles.

  • Manuscript in Hebrew script – the word as it appears in original language texts.
  • Manuscript in transliteration – how to pronounce it with English letters (phonetic pronunciation).
  • Hebrew lemma – the form of this word which you would find in a dictionary/lexicon.
  • Hebrew lemma in transliteration – how to pronounce it with English letters (phonetic pronunciation).
  • Lexical value (gloss) - dictionary meaning(s)
  • English literal translation - context sensitive meaning
  • Logos morphology – morphological code for the parts-of-speech of this word. See documentation of Morphology Codes.

Step 3: Observe the results of the selected lines. Note the importance of the popups in the text and in the morphological gutter line.

Reader’s Edition

The Reader’s edition is a filter applied to the Hebrew-English interlinear for purposes of learning the language. It allows for the suppression of the interlinear data based on:

  • Number of times the lemma occurs i.e. common words
  • Word lists – either predefined to correspond with textbooks or user created

Step 1: Turn on the inline interlinear with your choice of data

Step 2: Select Reader’s Edition. Set parameters:

  • Words that occur more than nnn times i.e. common words
  • Words taught in specific textbooks
  • User defined word list

Note that the words used more than 100 times or present on the Biblical Hebrew: An Introductory Grammar (P. Kelley) word list do not show the interlinear data. The intent is to provide the student with interlinear information only on words they do not expect themselves to know.

 


[1] Verbum Help (Bellingham, WA: Faithlife, 2018).

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