How can I structure the text using an outline?
It should be the reverse - you capture the structure of the text in an outline unless you are the original author. A basic search in all resources for "exegetical outline" will find both examples and instructions in your library.
Have you looked at "Sentence Diagrammer" in TOOLS?
You might be able to do what you are wanting to do in there (but it may be difficult).
The other option is to export the test to a Word Processor and then ( if you want it in Logos) copy and paste it into NOTES.
I may be missing something(s), but these approaches may help. Hope so.
Logos has a Sentence Diagram Tool if you have Logos9 Bronze and Up Packages (which I don't have)
I use Bible Arc tool (biblearc.com), which does more than just Arcing. It also does Phrasing (sentence diagraming).