Greek verb as active only

How can a Greek verb be only active? "Activa tantum are verbs that lack a middle and a passive voice in the present, aorist and perfect stems." (1)

(1) Rutger Allan, “Activa Tantum” in: Encyclopedia of Ancient Greek Language and Linguistics, Georgios K. Giannakis, ed (Leiden: Brill, 2023).

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DMB

Check out the Google search engine and it's free. Quite a bit of discussion, to include development of Indo-European usage and activa tantum.

EAGLL (that's how Logos shows it) can be a little frustrating, touching on subjects and then departing without 'the answer'. I'm looking forward to Brill's Hebrew counterpart, if Logos can ever 'develop' it. Another Bible software is shipping in December at a quite favorable price-point.

MJ. Smith

How can a Greek verb be only active?

I just answered another thread for you only to discover that you already had the answer. If you already had the definition in your original source, why ask Activa Tantum and Greek Lemmas - Logos Forums and have me spend time answering what you already had available? And as for

How can a Greek verb be only active?

remember that grammar is descriptive - it can happen because no one uses the verb in middle or passive in a specific dialect. It may be due to the way the action of the verb was conceived or because of factors that historical linguistics can trace for you.

[quote]

γηθέω [v.] ‘to rejoice’ (Il.). «IE *geh2dh- ‘be glad’ (?)»

•VAR Perf. γέγηθα, aor. γηθῆσαι (Dor. γᾱθέω, γέγᾱθα, γᾱθῆσαι); late presents γήθομαι, γήθω (Dor. γᾱ́θω).

•DER γηθοσύνη (Il.), γηθόσυνος (Il.); late γῆθος [n.] (Epicur.) and γηθαλέος (Androm., apud Gal.). Also γᾶσσαν· ἡδονήν ‘joy’ (H.), if with Baunack Phil. 70 (1911): 376 from *γᾱθ-ι̯αν.

•ETYM Because of Lat. gaudeō, gāvīsus sum, a pre-form *γᾱϝ-εθ-έω was reconstructed for γηθέω (see Schwyzer: 703), but the contraction then needed would have to have been very early and have spread even to the perfect (Chantraine 1942: 429). Moreover, the present *geh2u-edh-eie- would be an isolated formation within PIE. Recently, the word has been compared with ToA kātk-, ToB kātk- ‘be glad’ (< *geh2dh-sk-), which has yielded the reconstruction *geh2dh- for Greek (LIV2, Adams 1999: 150). The same root is found in ►γαίω < *γᾰϝ-ι̯ω and ►γάνυμαι.

Robert Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, ed. Alexander Lubotsky, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2010), 270.