Roots

I examined oραω, and this lemma is used for some tenses, whereas ειδον is used for others. The lemma for Aorist actives is ειδον, while the lemma for Aorist passives is οραω, unless the word includes a prepositional prefix, in which case οραω is used. I confirmed that εσθιω is the lemma for all forms, including the φαγ- forms of the Aorist and Future. What is a workaround to find roots?

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Kenneth Neighoff

I would suggest you use THE Morphology of Biblical Greek, by Mounce.

You are confusing roots and principal parts.

MJ. Smith

See my answer in the other thread; here lemma and stem appear to be confused.

[quote]

ἐσθίω •VAR ἔσθω. ⇒ἔδω.

Robert Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, ed. Alexander Lubotsky, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2010), 470.

[quote]

ἔδω [v.] ‘to eat’ (Il.). «IE *h1ed- ‘eat’»

•VAR Athem. inf. ἔδμεναι (Hom.), fut. ἔδομαι (Il.), perf.ptc.act. ἐδηδώς (Ρ 542), med. ἐδήδοται (χ 56; after πέποται), with act. ἐδήδοκα (Att.); aor. pass. ἠδέσθην, perf. med. ἐδήδε(σ)μαι (Att.); new pres. ἔσθω (Il.), ἐσθίω (Od.).

•COMP With prefix κατ-έδω, -εσθίω (-έσθω), -έδομαι ‘to eat up’ (Il.), ἀπ-εσθίω, -έδομαι ‘id.’ (Att.).

•DER εἶδαρ < *ἔδ-ϝαρ ‘food’ (Il.; on ἔδαρ· βρῶμα H. see below). ἐδωδή) ‘food, meal’ (Il.), ἐδώδιμος ‘edible’ (Hdt.; see Arbenz 1933: 50f.), ἐδωδός ‘usable as food’ (Hp.). ἐδητύς [f.] (only gen. -τῠ́ος) ‘food’ (Hom.); -η- unclear, but cf. βοητύς, ἀγορητύς; see Porzig 1942: 183f., Benveniste 1948: 67. ἔδεσμα ‘food’ (Att.) with ἐδεσμάτιον (Procl.); ἐδεστής ‘eater’ (Hdt.). ἐδηδών· φαγέδαινα ‘cancer’ (H.), cf. ἐδηδώς.

•ETYM The old athematic present, seen in the inf. ἔδμεναι, in the fut. = subj. ἔδ-ο-μαι, and perhaps also in the ipv. ἔσθι (ρ 478?; see Chantraine 1942: 292), is found in several languages: Hitt. edmi [1sg.] ‘eat’, Skt. ádmi ‘id.’, 3sg. átti, Lat. ēst, Lith. ésti, OCS jastъ ‘to eat’; all of these are from IE *ed-mi, -ti, with lengthening in BSl. acc. to Winter’s Law. On younger thematic forms (cf. Go. itan, 3sg.pres. it-iþ), see Chantr. l.c. Acc. to Schwyzer: 7136, the secondary presents ἔσθω and ἐσθίω developed from the ipv. ἔσθι (= Skt. addhí), but Hamp Glotta 59 (1981): 155f., simply derives ἔσθω from ἔδ-θ-. The other forms are Greek innovations: ἠδέσθην, ἐδήδε(σ)μαι (after ἐτε έσθην); thence ἔδεσμα, ἐδεστής (cf. ὠμηστής), ἐδεστός. As a suppletive aorist, Greek used φαγεῖν. The r/n-stem εἶδαρ < *ἔδϝαρ, plur. εἴδατα can be compared with Skt.vy-advar-á- m. ‘rodent’ and agrādvan- ‘eating first’ (agra-ad-van-). See also ►ᾱ̓́ριστον and δείπνηστος (s.v. ►δεῖπνον). Further, ►ὀδούς (ὀδών), ►ὀδύνη, and ►ὠδίς are traditionally connected with ἔδω, which is incorrect.

Robert Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, ed. Alexander Lubotsky, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series (Leiden; Boston: Brill, 2010), 375.

Yes, Beekes is my cheat sheet for Greek roots. My source for the rules is Mounce, William D. The Morphology of Biblical Greek. Edited by Verlyn D. Verbrugge. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1994.

Christian Alexander

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/1288423#Comment_1288423

I talked to a good Greek scholar friend of mine. He said I was not understanding roots versus principal parts. Thanks MJ for your very good answer. All blessings to the forumities.