Greek Morphology Codes

Christian Alexander

What is the difference between the different coding in Greek morphology in Logos? Is there a wiki for the codes? I looked online but did not find anything. I have heard of Swanson but I understand they may be more morphological codes. I want to determine what code I am using when I use my interlinears for NRSV and ESV. I am not really good with this material.

MJ. Smith

A "morph scheme" refers to a particular morphological and lexical analysis of a set of texts. Each scheme represents a perspective on how word properties should be documented, or how a lexicon ought to be organized. Most scholars agree that there are nouns and verbs in Hebrew, but not all agree on how to best describe the various kinds of Hebrew verb stems. Nor does every lexicon divide and number homographs in the same way, or spell lemma forms in the same way.

Morph schemes and their corresponding data types include:

Aramaic

• Andersen-Forbes Aramaic Morphology — morph.af.a:...
• Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Morphology (CAL) — morph.cal.a:...
• Logos Aramaic Inscriptions Morphology — morph.ins.a:...
• Logos Aramaic Morphology — morph.a:...
• Stuttgart Electronic Study Bible (SESB) Aramaic Morphology — morph.sesb.a:...
• Werkgroep Informatica (WIVU) Aramaic Morphology — morph.wivu.a:...
• Westminster Aramaic Morphology — morph.west.a:...

Greek

• Friberg Greek Morphology — morph.fr.g:...
• GRAMCORD Greek Morphology — morph.gr.g:...
• Logos Greek Morphology — morph.g:...
• Robinson Greek Morphology — morph.rob.g:...
• Swanson Greek Morphology — morph.sw.g:...

Hebrew (including Semitic inscriptions)

• Andersen-Forbes Hebrew Morphology — morph.af.h...
• Logos Hebrew Morphology — morph.h:...
• Logos Semitic Inscriptions Morphology — morph.ins.h:...
• Stuttgart Electronic Study Bible (SESB) Hebrew Morphology — morph.sesb.h...
• Werkgroep Informatica (WIVU) Hebrew Morphology — morph.wivu.h:...
• Westminster Hebrew Morphology — morph.west.h:...

Latin

• Logos Latin Morphology — morph.l:...

Syriac

• Leiden Peshitta Institute Syriac Morphology — morph.lpi.s:...
• Sedra 3 Syriac Morphology — morph.s3.s:...

Transliterated

• Biblia Hebraica Transcripta (BHt) Morphology — morph.bht.t:...

Verbum Help (Bellingham, WA: Faithlife, 2024).

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Morph Codes

The morph codes for Greek, Hebrew, and Latin are included below. Resources in Verbum may use different morphological tagging systems. Codes for these systems are listed on the Logos Wiki:

• GRAMCORD Greek Morphology
• Friberg Greek Morphology
• Robinson Greek Morphology
• Swanson Greek Morphology
• Andersen-Forbes Hebrew Morphology
• Westminster Hebrew Morphology
• Werkgroep Informatica (WIVU) Hebrew Morphology

Greek Morphology

Part of Speech

• B – Adverb
• C – Conjunction
• D – Article
• I – Interjection
• J – Adjective
• N – Noun
• P – Preposition
• R – Pronoun
• T – Particle
• V – Verb
• X – Indeclinable

@B Adverb/Particle Type

• C – Conditional
• E – Emphatic
• I – Interrogative
• K – Correlative
• N – Negative
• P – Place
• S – Superlative
• X – Indefinite

@C Conjunction Subtype

• AC – Adverbial Conditional
• AD – Adverbial Declarative
• AL – Adverbial Local
• AM – Adverbial Comparative
• AN – Adverbial Concessive
• AP – Adverbial Purpose
• AR – Adverbial Result
• AT – Adverbial Temporal
• AZ – Adverbial Causal
• LA – Logical Ascensive
• LC – Logical Contrastive
• LD – Logical Disjunctive
• LI – Logical Inferential
• LK – Logical Correlative
• LM – Logical Emphatic
• LN – Logical Connective
• LT – Logical Transitional
• LX – Logical Explanatory
• SC – Substantival Content
• SE – Substantival Epexegetical

Case (for @D Articles, @J Adjectives, @N Nouns, @R?? Pronouns, and @V??P?? Verbs)

• A – Accusative
• D – Dative
• G – Genitive
• N – Nominative
• V – Vocative

Number (for @D? Articles, @J? Adjectives, @N? Nouns, @R??? Pronouns, and @V??P? Verbs)

• D – Dual
• P – Plural
• S – Singular

Gender (for @D?? Articles, @J?? Adjectives, @N?? Nouns, @R???? Pronouns, and @V??P??? Verbs)

• F – Feminine
• M – Masculine
• N – Neuter

Degree (for @J??? Adjectives and @N??? Nouns)

• C – Comparative
• O – Other
• P – Positive
• S – Superlative

@R Pronoun Type

• C – Reciprocal
• D – Demonstrative
• F – Reflexive
• I – Interrogative
• K – Correlative
• N – Negative
• P – Personal
• R – Relative
• S – Possessive
• X – Indefinite

Person (for @R? Pronouns and @V??P Verbs)

• 1 – First Person
• 2 – Second Person
• 3 – Third Person

@R????? Pronoun Subtype

• A – Intensive Attributive
• P – Intensive Predicative

@V Verb Tense

• A – Aorist
• F – Future
• I – Imperfect
• L – Pluperfect
• P – Present
• R – Perfect
• T – Future Perfect

@V? Voice (for Verbs)

• A – Active
• M – Middle
• P – Passive
• U – Either Middle or Passive

@V?? Mood (for Verbs)

• I – Indicative
• M – Imperative
• N – Infinitive
• O – Optative
• P – Participle
• S – Subjunctive

Hebrew Morphology

Part of Speech

• A – Article
• C – Conjunction
• D – Adverb
• G – Negation
• I – Interrogative
• J – Adjective
• N – Noun
• P – Preposition
• R – Pronoun
• V – Verb
• X – Interjection

Conjunction Type

• R – Relative

Gender (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

• F – Feminine
• M – Masculine

Number (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

• D – Dual
• P – Plural
• S – Singular

State (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

• A – Absolute
• C – Construct
• D – Determined

Noun Type

• C – Common
• P – Proper

Preposition Type

• O – Object Marker

Pronoun Type

• D – Demonstrative
• I – Interrogative
• P – Personal
• S – Suffixed

Person (for Pronouns and Verbs)

• 1 – First Person
• 2 – Second Person
• 3 – Third Person

Verb Stem

• a – Qal
• b – Pi“ēl
• c – Hif‘il
• d – Nif‘al
• e – Pu“al
• g – Hiṯpa“ēl
• i – Hof‘al
• l – Hoṯpa“al
• m – Niṯpa“ēl
• n – ’Eṯpa“al
• o – Tif‘al
• w – Pu‘lal
• x – Pôlēl
• y – Pi‘lēl
• z – Pilpēl
• A – Pôlal
• B – Hiṯpôlēl
• C – Pô‘ēl
• D – Hiṯpôlal
• E – Hiṯpalpēl
• F – Pô‘al
• G – Pᵊ‘al‘al
• H – Eštaf‘el
• I – Pᵒ‘al‘al
• K – Pu‘alal
• L – Polpal
• N – Pi‘lal
• O – Hiṯpā‘ēl
• P – Hoṯpā‘ēl
• Q – Palpēl
• R – Pa‘lal
• S – Hiṯpilpēl
• T – Hiṯpô‘ēl
• U – ’Eṯpô‘ēl
• Z – Qal Passive

Verb Tense

• P – Qatal (Perfect)
• p – Weqatal (Waw + Perfect)
• l – Yiqtol (Imperfect)
• W – Wayyiqtol (Waw-Consecutive + Imperfect)
• w – Weyiqtol (Waw-Conjunctive + Imperfect)
• M – Imperative
• F – Infinitive
• R – Participle
• S – Passive Participle

Verb Mood

• C – Cohortative
• J – Jussive

Latin Morphology

Part of Speech

• B – Adverb
• C – Conjunction
• I – Interjection
• J – Adjective
• M – Numeral
• N – Noun
• P – Preposition
• R – Pronoun
• T – Particle
• V – Verb
• X – Indeclinable

Degree (for adverb, adjective)

• C – Comparative
• O – Other
• P – Positive
• S – Superlative

Case (for adjective, numeral, noun, pronoun, verb)

• A – Accusative
• B – Ablative
• D – Dative
• G – Genitive
• L – Locative
• N – Nominative
• V – Vocative

Number (for adjective, numeral, noun, pronoun, verb)

• P – Plural
• S – Singular

Gender (for adjective, numeral, noun, pronoun, verb)

• F – Feminine
• M – Masculine
• N – Neuter

Numeral type

• B – Adverb
• C – Cardinal
• D – Distributive
• O – Ordinal

Noun type

• C – Common
• P – Proper

Pronoun type

• D – Demonstrative
• F – Reflexive
• I – Interrogative
• P – Personal
• R – Relative
• S – Possessive
• X – Indefinite

Person (for pronouns, verb)

• 1 – First person
• 2 – Second person
• 3 – Third person

Tense

• F – Future
• I – Imperfect
• L – Pluperfect
• P – Present
• R – Perfect
• T – Future Perfect

Voice

• A – Active
• P – Passive

Mood

• D – Gerund
• G – Gerundive
• I – Indicative
• M – Imperative
• M – Infinitive
• P – Participle
• S – Subjective
• U – Supine

Indeclinable type

• F – Foreign
• L – Letter
• O – Other

General

• [ ] – square brackets to enclose multiple values
• ^ – Not (for multi-selectable options). Usage: enclosed in square brackets, e.g. [^3]
• ? – Any

Verbum Help (Bellingham, WA: Faithlife, 2024).

Morphology Codes (logos.com) is the wiki page