Search for Words Repeated Three Times - "emphatic Semitic triplet"
Comments
-
I was attempting to follow along and learn some syntax searching myself.
For the result of this syntax search I got Is 6:3 Je 7:4 Je 22:29 and Eze 21:32
Ezekiel 21:32 (KJV) — 32 Thou shalt be for fuel to the fire; thy blood shall be in the midst of the land; thou shalt be no more remembered: for I the Lord have spoken it.
But that seems to be Eze 21:27
Ezekiel 21:27 (KJV) — 27 I will overturn, overturn, overturn, it: and it shall be no more, until he come whose right it is; and I will give it him.or have I missed something?
Dell Lap Top Win 10_Home, Logos 7,
Samsung gs7 phone
0 -
Removed duplicate
Dell Lap Top Win 10_Home, Logos 7,
Samsung gs7 phone
0 -
or have I missed something?
Verse 32 in the Hebrew text is verse 27 in KJV
0 -
Thanks David
Dell Lap Top Win 10_Home, Logos 7,
Samsung gs7 phone
0 -
Mark, do you have the full references for BDF and NIDOTTE? I do not seem to have these resources, and would very much like to quote them in my next essay! Many thanks.
0 -
NIDOTTE:
Jenson, P. P. שָׁלֹשׁ, שְׁלֹשָׁה in New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology & Exegesis. Edited by Willem VanGemeren. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan Publishing House, 1997, 4:144-145The quote from BDF is as follows:
(E) Figures Involving Repetition
493. (1) Epanadiplosis, i.e. the repetition of an important word for emphasis, is not unknown in the NT, but it can nowhere be considered rhetorical. It is rather a direct report of words actually spoken, which is best seen in A 19:34: μεγάλη ἡ Ἄρτεμις Ἐφεσίων, μεγάλη ἡ Ἄ. Ἐ. (thus
, which was shouted for two hours. (2) Distributive doubling is not rhetorical, but vulgar. It appears not only with numerals (s. §248(1)) but occasionally also elsewhere (Hebrew, but also MGr, cf. Dieterich 188; Psichari 183f.): Mk 6:39 συμπόσια συμπόσια, 40 πρασιαὶ πρασιαί = κατὰ συμπόσια, κ. πρασιάς; cf. §158. (3) Climax consists in taking up the key word of the preceding member in the following one: R 5:3ff. ἡ θλῖψις ὑπομονὴν κατεργάζεται, ἡ δὲ ὑπομονὴ δοκιμήν, ἡ δὲ δοκιμὴ ἐλπίδα, ἡ δὲ ἐλπὶς οὐ καταισχύνει; cf. 8:29f.
(1) Rev 14:8 = 18:2 ἔπεσεν ἔπεσεν Βαβυλὼν ἡ μεγάλη, Mt 25:11 κύριε κύριε, Lk 8:24 ἐπιστάτα ἐπιστάτα, Mt 23:7 (DΓ etc.) and Mk 14:45 (AEFG etc.) ῥαββὶ ῥαββί, Mk 5:41 acc. to e τὸ κοράσιον τὸ κοράσιον, Jn 19:6 σταύρωσον σταύρωσον, Lk 10:41 Μάρθα Μάρθα, Rev 4:8 ἅγιος ἅγιος ἅγιος (LXX Is 6:3). Dyadic word combination and composition: Morgenthaler, Die lukanische Geschichtsschreibung als Zeugnis (I 17f.: Lk 7 times, A 9:4 = 22:7 = 26:14 Σαοὺλ Σαούλ). Rhetorical: 1 Clem 47.6 αἰσχρά, ἀγαπητοί, καὶ λίαν αἰσχρὰ καὶ ἀνάξια etc. Cf. LXX (e.g. Jdth 4:2 σφόδρα σφόδρα) and pap. (e.g. the magic formula ἤδη ἤδη ταχὺ ταχύ PGM II 7.373 (iii AD), BGU III 956 (c. iii AD). Cf. Jannaris §§513, 521; Raderm.2 68f., 225 and IF Anz. 31 (1913) 8; Bonaccorsi 140, 562; Norden 169, and on Virgil’s Aeneid VI 46 (2nd ed.); E. Hofmann, Ausdrucksverstärkung, especially 16f. (adj.), 24 (address), 24f. (impera.), 38 (adv.), 44f. (stylistic usage); W. Schulze, BPhW 1895, 8 = Kl. Schr. 680. Hebr. J. Muilenburg, VT Supplement I (1953) 101f., Brockelmann, Hebräische Syntax §129b. MGr e.g. Thumb2 264.4 [276] κλαίει κλαίει, 263 [275] ἔκλαιε ἔκλαιε twice, 263 σφιχτὰ σφιχτά ‘very tight’, 257 [269] γύμναζε γύμναζε ‘he exercised untiringly’; Ljungvik, Aegyptus 13 (1933) 162 ἐπερίμενα ὧρες ὧρες ‘I waited for hours’. With καί: μείζων καὶ μείζων Herm Vis 4.1.6, ἔτι καὶ ἔτι ‘again and again’ Barn 21.4. Cf. Ἑρμῆς ὁ μέγας καὶ μέγας Dit., Or. 90.65 (196 BC; decree from Rosetta), similarly in the pap. (Mayser II 1, 54; with and without καί).
(2) In Mt 13:30 δεσμὰς δεσμάς (Epiph Or) also appears to be the correct reading. Cf. §158. Hofmann, op. cit. (supra (1)) 21 (subst.), 37f. (numbers). LXX e.g. ἄνθρωπος ἄνθρωπος ‘everyone’ Num 9:10, ἔθνη ἔθνη ‘every nation’ 4 Km 17:29, συνήγαγον αὐτοὺς θημωνιὰς θημωνιάς ‘in heaps’ Ex 8:14 (10) (all in Hebr. as well; cf. Brockelmann, Hebräische Syntax §129a). With καί: ἡμέρᾳ καὶ ἡμέρᾳ §200(1); Brockelmann, op. cit. §129d (syndetic pairs of this type are rare in Hebr.). On the other hand ἐν γενεᾷ καὶ γενεᾷ 1 Clem 7.5, εἰς γενεὰς καὶ γενεάς (v.l. εἰς γενεὰν καὶ γενεάν like LXX Ps 48:12 etc., γενεὰς γενεῶν et al.) Lk 1:50 more nearly means ‘on many generations to come’ than ‘for every generation’; M.–H. 439f. Also with distributive κατά (cf. §248(1)): LXX 1 Km 7:16 κατʼ ἐνιαυτὸν ἐνιαυτόν and the like (M.–H. 439), κατὰ πρᾶγμα πρᾶγμα ‘for every thing’(?) PLond V 1732.7 (586 AD?).
(3) R 10:14 is decidedly rhetorical: πῶς οὖν ἐπικαλέσωνται εἰς ὃν οὐκ ἐπίστευσαν; πῶς δὲ πιστεύσωσιν οὗ οὐκ ἤκουσαν; πῶς δὲ ἀκούσωσιν χωρὶς κηρύσσοντος; πῶς δὲ κηρύζωσιν, ἐὰν μὴ ἀποσταλῶσιν; 2 P 1:5ff. likewise: ἐπιχορηγήσατε ἐν τῇ πίστει ὑμῶν τὴν ἀρετήν, ἐν δὲ τῇ ἀρετῇ τὴν γνῶσιν, ἐν δέ etc. (7 members in all; but the purpose of the figure here is difficult to understand). Herm Man 5.2.4 ἐκ τῆς ἀφροσύνης γίνεται πικρία, ἐκ δὲ τῆς πικρίας θυμός, ἐκ δὲ τοῦ θυμοῦ ὀργή, ἐκ δὲ τῆς ὀργῆς μῆνις· εἶτα ἡ μῆνις …. There is a similar figure in a fragment of the comedian Epicharmus (Frag. 148 Kaibel) ἐκ μὲν θυσίας θοίνα, ἐκ δὲ θοίνας πόσις ἐγένετο … ἐκ δὲ πόσιος κῶμος, ἐκ κώμου δʼ ἐγένεθʼ ὑανία (‘swinish behavior’), ἐκ δʼ ὑανίας δίκα …. The rhetoricians found the climax as early as Hom., Il. 2.102ff. (Ἥφαιστος μὲν δῶκε Διὶ …, αὐτὰρ ἄρα Ζεὺς δῶκε διακτόρῳ ἀργεϊφόντῃ, Ἑρμείας δὲ ….)—Cf. Wilke, Rhetorik 398, who adduces Ja 1:14f. and (incorrectly) 1 C 11:3 in addition.Blass, Friedrich, Albert Debrunner, and Robert Walter Funk. A Greek Grammar of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961, pg 261
This is my personal Faithlife account. On 1 March 2022, I started working for Faithlife, and have a new 'official' user account. Posts on this account shouldn't be taken as official Faithlife views!
0 -
Wow, that's quick! Many thanks, very helpful.
0 -
I though this topic needed another David to chime in. Thanks for sharing all of this. Is there a way to search for thrice repeated phrases like Jer 7:4
הֵיכַל יְהוָה הֵיכַל יְהוָה הֵיכַל יְהוָה
and 2 Sam 19:1 [Eng. 18:33]?
בְּנִי אַבְשָׁלוֹם בְּנִי בְנִי אַבְשָׁלוֹם
I don't believe these are instances of epizeuxis technically, but I'd think any discussion on the topic should include these references. For what it's worth, I don't think there are any other examples of this repetition.
Mark, would you mind giving the exact citation for the quotation from NIDOTTE?
Shakes head in shame. Didn't see the second page.
0 -
These only confirm the results provided - 3 in OT + 2 in NT.
That result is correct.
For the benefit of lurkers, would you mind giving the other NT example?
Thanks,
Lazy Jack0 -
The only NT example is Revelation 4:8 - "And the four living creatures, each of them with six wings, are full of eyes all around and within, and day and night they never cease to say, "Holy, holy, holy, is the Lord God Almighty, who was and is and is to come!"
And Revelation 8:13
In Re 8.13 ff this is understood as literally 3 woes.
Orthodox Bishop Alfeyev: "To be a theologian means to have experience of a personal encounter with God through prayer and worship."; Orthodox proverb: "We know where the Church is, we do not know where it is not."
0 -
Thanks, Martha.
0 -
More recent discussion on this topic: Searching for Three-peats.
0 -
Hi David,
Emphatic three-fold exact repetition is used exactly seven times (the number of completion and perfection) in Scripture. The replys to your post capture the first six (Isaiah 6:3, Ezekiel 21:27, Jeremiah 7:4, Jeremiah 22:29, Revelation 4:8, Revelation 8:13), but the final use is the most important not to overlook. I believe that there are exactly six others for a reason, the same number 6 that is the mark of the beast, being the number of Adam (man), created on the 6th day, and repeated three times for emphasis of its significance:
Here is wisdom. Let him that hath understanding count the number of the beast: for it is the number of a man; and his number is Six Six Six.
Revelation 13:18
0 -
The replys to your post capture the first six (Isaiah 6:3, Ezekiel 21:27, Jeremiah 7:4, Jeremiah 22:29, Revelation 4:8, Revelation 8:13)
Welcome to the Logos Bible Software Forums [:D]
Newer Logos 8 thread => Searching for Three-peats includes reply with nine triplicates in the Hebrew Bible:
In the Hebrew Bible there are eight:
Syntax Search likewise finds these eight verses plus Jeremiah 7:4 phrase repeated three times
New Testament has "... Jerusalem. Jerusalem, Jerusalem, ..." in Luke 13:33-34
An intriguing triple repetition occurs in Revelation 1:4, 1:8, and 4:8 "the one who is and the one who was and the one who is coming" that expresses the meaning of God's Most Holy Name: YHWH
Revelation 13:18 is literally "six hundred sixty-six" "ἑξακόσιοι ἑξήκοντα ἕξ" so Greek root ἕξ (hex = six) is repeated in three words.
Keep Smiling [:)]
0 -
Thank you for your reply. I don't read Hebrew so this is helpful, but when I look at the extra verses you provided, I don't see any additional "exact" triplets. Don't be deceived by Satan - 666 is an exact triplet of the number of Adam, created on the sixth day. When you find yourself faced with the decision to receive a permanent physical marker on your right hand or forehead as a "vaccine" for a certain pandemic, be sure that if it was obtained under patent associated with the number of man (6), and it is given forcibly in association with the worship of a certain charismatic world leader, this is prophetic fulfillment of the "exact" three-fold repetition in 6-6-6, mark of the beast.
0 -
I don't read Hebrew so this is helpful, but when I look at the extra verses you provided, I don't see any additional "exact" triplets.
Thankful for Logos Help Center (LHC) including articles => Study Hebrew with Logos , => Study Greek with Logos , and => Using the Syntax Search in Logos
Another Hebrew Syntax Search looks for triplets of one, two, OR three lexemes (Dictionary word form, lemma) that finds nine verses (no triplets of three lexemes)
Greek Syntax Search looks for triplets of one, two, OR three lexemes (third repetition of three lexemes matches only the first lemma: Revelation 1:4, Revelation 1:8, and Revelation 4:8 as the first two verbs have the lexeme for verb εἰμί "to be" with past and present tenses while third verb ἔρχομαι "to come; to arrive" is a future state of being)
If an "exact" triplet is the same original language lexeme(s) with identical word formation (spelling) three times in a row, then the seven "exact" triplets are:
- Holy, Holy, Holy (Isaiah 6:3)
- Temple Lord, Temple Lord, Temple Lord (Jeremiah 7:4)
- Land, Land, Land (Jeremiah 22:29)
- Ruin, Ruin, Ruin (Ezekiel 21:32 in Hebrew, Ezekiel 21:27 in LXX and English)
- Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Jerusalem (Luke 13:33-34)
- Holy, Holy, Holy (Revelation 4:8)
- Woe, Woe, Woe (Revelation 8:13)
Several English translations have the number 666 in Revelation 13:18 as a way to translate the three Greek words for 600, 60, 6.
Thankful for many friendly forum discussions: have learned a lot plus have a lot to learn. Thankful for Forum Guidelines (primary focus is using Faithlife Corporation applications, apps, products, web sites, ...).
Product example is two Commentaries about Revelation 1:4 that can be purchased at https://www.logos.com
Keep Smiling [:)]
0 -
I’m pretty sure that 3 examples would the the absolute perfect (complete & harmonious) number of examples to this phenomena...😜. Just sayin❤️
0 -
In response to the objection to the original poster's comment that Epizeuxis isn't of Semitic orgin. .. The fact that many writers use Epizeuxis only shows that the literary tool isn't exclusively Semitic. It does not suggest the tool was foreign to ancient Hebrew nor does it suggest Hebrew wasn't the origin (I'm guessing it wasn't). The tool is used throughout scripture and shouldn't be ignored.
0 -
Thank you for your reply. I don't read Hebrew so this is helpful, but when I look at the extra verses you provided, I don't see any additional "exact" triplets. Don't be deceived by Satan - 666 is an exact triplet of the number of Adam, created on the sixth day. When you find yourself faced with the decision to receive a permanent physical marker on your right hand or forehead as a "vaccine" for a certain pandemic, be sure that if it was obtained under patent associated with the number of man (6), and it is given forcibly in association with the worship of a certain charismatic world leader, this is prophetic fulfillment of the "exact" three-fold repetition in 6-6-6, mark of the beast.
I'm not against prophetic numerology, but it is something that can easily be taken too far...especially if you start applying it outside the Bible.
ASUS ProArt x570s Creator, AMD R9 5950x, HyperX 64gb 3600 RAM, ASUS Strix RTX 2080 ti
"The Unbelievable Work...believe it or not." Little children...Biblical prophecy is not Christianity's friend.
0 -
First time ever posting, I lead a bible study at my church. I was researching why the bible sometimes has repeated words. I am currently looking at Genesis 9:12 in the blue letter bible and it has the word bayin (H996) repeated 3 times in a row. I am wondering why this didn't show up in your search?
0 -
Good catch, James.
0 -
Hi James - and welcome to the forums
I am currently looking at Genesis 9:12 in the blue letter bible and it has the word bayin (H996) repeated 3 times in a row. I am wondering why this didn't show up in your search?
I don't know Hebrew but from looking at the Blue Letter Bible online, it shows that there are intervening characters between one of the pairs of occurrences.
This is shown in the Logos Reverse Interlinear (I'm using the NIV) which numbers the position of the words in the original text. This shows that the word is in positions 11, 14 and 17 with intervening characters between them. This would explain why it doesn't appear in the search results. Does this explain it?
Graham
0 -
First time ever posting, I lead a bible study at my church. I was researching why the bible sometimes has repeated words. I am currently looking at Genesis 9:12 in the blue letter bible and it has the word bayin (H996) repeated 3 times in a row. I am wondering why this didn't show up in your search?
Welcome [:D]
Genesis 9:12 has a "triplicate" pattern of Lexeme, pronoun, conjunction, Lexeme, pronoun, conjunction, Lexeme:
Screen shot shows Syntax Search of Anderson-Forbes Phrase Marker Analysis Dataset using Logos 9.12 Beta 4.
Keep Smiling [:)]
0 -
Revelation 8:13 "Woe, woe, woe..."
0 -
Revelation 8:13 "Woe, woe, woe..."
Welcome [:)]
Morph Query for the same lemma repeated three times using Logos 29 software finds Revelation 8:13 plus more verses:
Related thread => Searching for Three-peats
Keep Smiling [:)]
0
