Morphology Help

Is there a location that shows the various abbreviations that are included in the morphology listed as I right click on words in either the English or original language Biblical texts? I checked the wiki and the help files and cannot find anything that helps me to interpret the morphology hints given.

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Floyd Johnson

I did not find a specific answer to my question, but found a work around. By using the interlinear (ESV - my choice), I can also display the morphology. Putting my cursor over the morphology shown in the interlinear, the abbreviation is interpreted.

There is no way I would know that R refers to a pronoun. I might have guessed that a subscripted 2 indicates second person, but it was not obvious to me. I did guess that one of the 'P's stood for plural, but was sure which one or what the other P stood for. BTW, it stood for "personal" as in "Personal Pronoun". Or does the P stand for Pronoun and the R stand for personal? Having a reference would have made my evening a bit more relaxed.

I should add that I knew that I had seen it, but forgot that I had chosen to turn off the morphology in the interlinear. I got the information that I needed when I again turned on the morphology line of the interlinear.

Rosie Perera

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126167#Comment_126167

I haven't seen these documented yet anywhere (perhaps it's time someone made a wiki page for them), but the quickest (only?) way I know to find out what the morphology codes are is to open a morphology Search panel, type in @, and then start randomly clicking on things on the dropdown menu (and the fly-out menu as I go along) and see what they get translated into in the Find box. I guess that's how I'd go about documenting all of these codes if I were going to do it.

Here, I might as well do it now while I'm at it.

Logos Greek Morphology

Part of Speech

B - Adverb
C - Conjunction
D - Article
I - Interjection
J - Adjective
N - Noun
P - Preposition
R - Pronoun
T - Particle
V - Verb
X - Indeclinable

Adverb/Particle Type

C - Conditional
E - Emphatic
I - Interrogative
K - Correlative
N - Negative
P - Place
S - Superlative
X - Indefinite

Conjunction Subtype

AC - Adverbial Conditional
AD - Adverbial Declarative
AL - Adverbial Local
AM - Adverbial Comparative
AN - Adverbial Concessive
AP - Adverbial Purpose
AR - Adverbial Result
AT - Adverbial Temporal
AZ - Adverbial Causal
LA - Logical Ascensive
LC - Logical Contrastive
LD - Logical Disjunctive
LI - Logical Inferential
LK - Logical Correlative
LM - Logical Emphatic
LN - Logical Connective
LT - Logical Transitional
LX - Logical Explanatory
SC - Substantival Content
SE - Substantival Epexegetical

Case (for Articles, Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

A - Accusative
D - Dative
G - Genitive
N - Nominative
V - Vocative

Number (for Articles, Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

D - Dual
P - Plural
S - Singular

Gender (for Articles, Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

F - Feminine
M - Masculine
N - Neuter

Degree (for Adjectives and Nouns)

C - Comparative
O - Other
P - Positive
S - Superlative

Pronoun Type

C - Reciprocal
D - Demonstrative
F - Reflexive
I - Interrogative
K - Correlative
N - Negative
P - Personal
R - Relative
S - Possessive
X - Indefinite

Person (for Pronouns and Verbs)

1 - First Person
2 - Second Person
3 - Third Person

Pronoun Subtype

A - Intenstive Attributive
P - Intensive Predicative

Verb Tense

A - Aorist
F - Future
I - Imperfect
L - Pluperfect
P - Present
R - Perfect
T - Future Perfect

Voice (for Verbs)

A - Active
M - Middle
P - Passive
U - Either Middle or Passive

Mood (for Verbs)

I - Indicative
M - Imperative
N - Infinitive
O - Optative
P - Participle
S - Subjunctive

GRAMCORD Greek Morphology

Part of Speech

A - Article
B - Adverb
C - Conjunction
F - Foreign Word
I - Interjection
J - Adjective
M - Improper Preposition
N - Noun
O - Pronoun
P - Preposition
S - Punctuation
T - Particle
V - Verb

Gender (for Articles, Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

F - Feminine
M - Masculine
N - Neuter

Number (for Articles, Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

D - Dual Number
P - Plural
S - Singular

Case (for Articles, Adjectives, Improper Prepositions, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

A - Accusative
D - Dative
G - Genitive
N - Nominative
V - Vocative

Degree (for Adverbs and Adjectives)

C - Comparative
S - Superlative
X - No Degree or a Positive Degree

Conjunction Subtype

CB - Coordinating Continuative
CC - Coordinating Correlative
CD - Coordinating Disjunctive
CG - Coordinating Interrogative
CJ - Coordinating Copulative
CQ - Coordinating Inferential
CV - Coordinating Adversative
CX - Coordinating Explanatory
PD - Pronoun Demonstrative
PP - Pronoun Personal
SC - Subordinating Causal
SE - Subordinating Conditional
SF - Subordinating Final (Purpose)
SG - Coordinating Interrogative
SL - Subordinating Locational
SN - Subordinating Nominal
SP - Subordinating Comparative
SR - Subordinating Result
SS - Subordinating Concessive
ST - Subordinating Temporal

Foreign Word Type

A - Aramaic
H - Hebrew

Pronoun Subtype

AD - Adjectival Demonstrative
AF - Adjectival Indefinite
AG - Adjectival Interrogative
AI - Adjectival Intensive
CR - Correlative
DE - Adjectival Demonstrative
IF - Adjectival Indefinite
IG - Adjectival Interrogative
IR - Indefinite Relative
P1 - Personal First Person
P2 - Personal Second Person
P3 - Personal Third Person
PI - Adjectival Intensive
RC - Reciprocal
RR - Relative
S1 - Possessive First Person
S2 - Possessive Second Person
X1 - Reflexive First Person
X2 - Reflexive Second Person
X3 - Reflexive Third Person

Punctuation Type

J - Major Stop
N - Minor Stop

Particle Class

A - Alternating
F - Indefinite
G - Interrogative
M - Emphatic
N - Negative
P - Comparative
S - Subjective
U - Modal [Uncertainty]

Person (for Verbs)

1 - First Person
2 - Second Person
3 - Third Person

Verb Tense

A - Aorist
F - Future
I - Imperfect
L - Pluperfect
P - Present
R - Perfect

Voice

A - Active
M - Middle
P - Passive

Mood (for Verbs)

I - Indicative
M - Imperative
N - Infinitive
O - Optative
P - Participle
S - Subjunctive

Participle Number (for Verbs)

D - Dual Number
P - Plural
S - Singular

Andersen-Forbes Hebrew Morphology

Parts of Speech

A - Adverbial
C - Conjunction
N - Noun
P - Preposition
R - Pronoun
V - Verb
X - Miscellany

Adverbial Family

a - "Together" (יחדו)
b - "Afterwards" (אחר)
c - "Above" (מעל)
d - "Eagerly" (אספרנא)
e - "Suddenly" (פתאם)
E - Emphatic
f - "Farther" (הלאה)
g - "Then" (אז or אדין)
h - "Here" (הנה)
i - "Inadvertently" (הצדא)
I - Interrogative
j - "Thither" (שמה)
k - "Back" (אחור)
K - [Question] (אם)
l - "Positively" (אפתם)
m - "Thus" (כה or כן)
M - Modal
n - "Now" (עתה)
N - Negative
o - "Then" (אפוא)
O - Restrictive (אך)
p - "Certainly" (לא)
q - "Quickly" (חיש)
Q - Quasiverbal
r - "Already" (כבר)
R - Restrictive (רק)
s - "Still" (עוד)
t - "There" (שם)
T - "Now" (טרם)
u - "Upwards" (מעלה)
v - "Very" (מאד)
w - "Underneath" (מטה or תחת)
x - "Apart" (לבד)
y - "Yet" (עדן)
Y - "Not Yet" (טרם)
z - "Again" (עוד)

Adverbial Subclass

a - "Yes or No?" (ה)
b - "Who?" (מי)
B - "Behold!" (הנה)
c - "What?" (מה)
d - "How?" (איך)
D - "Do Not" (אל)
e - "When?" (מתי)
E - "Exists" (יש)
f - "Where?" (אנה)
g - "Whence?" (מאין)
G - Negation (בלי)
h - "Why?" (מדוע)
i - "Where?" (איה)
n - "Not Exists" (|אי)
N - "Not" (לא)
S - "Still" (עוד)
T - Temporal

Conjunction Subclass

a - "Also" (אף)
A - Adverbial
b - "But Indeed" (אולם)
c - Sequential (ו)
C - Coordinating (ו)
G - "Also" (גם)
I - "If" (אם)
K - כי
O - "Or" (או)
R - Nominalizer
T - Temporal
X - Other

Conjunction Sub Subclass

A - Concessive ("although")
B - "because"
E - Adversative ("but")
I - "if"
S - Asseverative ("surely")
T - "that"
W - "when"

Noun Subclass

C - Common
P - Proper

Noun Family

A - "All"
c - Common
C - City
D - Divine
E - Ethnic
G - Other Geographic
H - Human
J - Adjective
L - Land
M - Mountain
N - Numeral
O - Ordinal
R - River

Number (for Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

C - Collective
d - Distributive
D - Dual
P - Plural
S - Singular

Gender (for Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

C - Common
F - Feminine
M - Masculine

State (for Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

c - Discontinuous Construct
C - Construct
D - Determined
N - Normal
P - Pausal
S - Suffixed

Definiteness (for Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

h - Definite Without ה
H - Definite With ה
I - Indefinite

Derivational Suffix (for Nouns)

A - Adverb Derived
H - Locative ה

Preposition Subclass

a - "Above" (Aram.עלא)
A - Object Marker
b - "Between" (בין)
B - "In" (ב)
d - "Of" (Aram.די)
D - "Until" (עד)
e - "Except" (בלת)
E - "Except" (לבד)
f - "For" (למען)
F - "After" (אחר)
h - "Without" (בלעד)
H - "Through" (בעד)
K - "Like" (כ)
l - "At" (Aram. לות)
L - "To" (ל)
M - "From" (מן)
N - "Near" (אצל)
O - "On Account of" (בגלל)
q - "Before" (Aram. קדם)
Q - "Before" (Aram.קבל)
S - "For sake of" (בעבר)
t - "Under" (תחת)
T - "Inside" (תוך)
u - "Upon" (על)
U - "Unto" (אל)
w - "With" (עם)
W - "With" (את)
X - Other
Y - "Because" (יען)
Z - "Except" (זולת)

Pronoun Subclass

B - Suffixed
D - Demonstrative
F - Personal

Person (for Pronouns and Verbs)

1 - First Person
2 - Second Person
3 - Third Person

Verb Stem

A - Afal
h - Hifil
H - Hofal
I - Itpael
n - Nifal
p - Piel
P - Pual
q - Qal
Q - Qal Passive
S - Safal
t - Hitpael
T - Tafal

Voice (for Verbs)

A - Active
M - Middle
P - Passive
T - Reflexive

Verb Family

a - Infinitive Absolute
c - Cohortative Sequential
C - Cohortative
f - Suffixed (Perfect) Sequential
i - Insistent Imperative
I - Imperative
J - Jussive
m - Prefixed (Imperfect) Sequential
M - Prefixed (Imperfect)
n - Noun-Verb/noun Participle
p - Noun-Verb Participle
P - Preterite
s - Suffixed (Perfect)
t - Pure Noun Participle
T - Infinitive Construct
v - Pure Verb Participle

Miscellany Subclass

D - Definite Article
E - Exclamation
K - Qetiv Welo Qere
L - Lapsus Calami
N - Nominalizer
Q - Qere Welo Qetiv

Westminster Hebrew Morphology

Part of Speech

a - Adjective
E - Ending
I - Imperfect Ending
n - Noun
p - Pronoun
P - Particle
S - Suffix
v - Verb
V - Perfect Ending
x - Paragraph Marker or Nun

Person (for Pronouns and Verbs)

1 - First Person
2 - Second Person
3 - Third Person
i - Interrogative

Gender (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

b - Feminine and Masculine
c - Common
f - Feminine
m - Masculine

Number (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, and Verbs)

d - Dual Number
p - Plural
s - Singular

State (for Adjectives, Nouns, and Verbs)

a - Absolute
c - Construct
d - Determined

Pronominal Suffix Person (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Particles, and Verbs; follows +S and is combined in brackets, e.g. +S[12])

+S1 - First Person
+S2 - Second Person
+S3 - Third Person
+Si - Interrogative

Pronominal Suffix Gender (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Particles, and Verbs; follows pronominal suffix person, e.g. +S1b)

b - Feminine and Masculine
c - Common
f - Feminine
m - Masculine

Pronominal Suffix Number (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Particles, and Verbs; follows pronominal suffix person and gender, e.g. +S1fp)

d - Dual Number
p - Plural
s - Singular

Ending Type (for Adjectives, Nouns, Pronouns, Particles, and Verbs; follows +S???E)

a - Apocopated
d - Directional Heh
h - Paragogic Heh
n - Paragogic Nun

Imperfect Type (for Imperfect Endings follows +; for Verbs follows I)

C - Cohortative
J - Jussive

Imperfect Form (for Imperfect Endings follows +; for Verbs follows I; follows imperfect type, e.g., +Cf or IJm)

f - In Form Only
m - In Meaning Only
t - In Form and Meaning

Noun Type

c - Common
g - Gentilic Noun
p - Proper Name

Particle Class

a - Article
b - Inseparable Preposition With Article
c - Conjunction
d - Adverb
g - Interrogative
i - Interjection
n - Negative
o - Direct Object
p - Preposition
r - Relative

Verb Stem

a - Palel
b - Pealal
c - Pilel
d - Pilpel
e - Polel
f - Polal
g - Polpal
h - Hiphil
H - Hophal
i - Pulal
k - Poel
l - Poal
m - Tiftl
n - Niphal
p - Piel
P - Pual
q - Qal
Q - Truly Qal Passive
s - Hishtafel
t - Hithpael
u - Hotpaal
v - Hitpolel
w - Hitpalpel
x - Nitpael

Verb Aspect

a - Infinitive Absolute
c - Infinitive Construct
i - Imperfect
p - Perfect
P - Participle
s - Passive Participle
v - Imperative
w - Imperfect Waw Consecutive

Consecutive Type (for Perfect Ending follows +; for Verbs follows V)

v - Consecutive

General

^ - Not (for multi-selectable options)
? - Any

JimTowler

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126169#Comment_126169

One of the problems with these codes, is that there are a number of different Morphological Codes in use.

A document I have seems to suggest at least the following: Anderson-Forbes, Friberg, Gramcord, Logos, Robinson and Swanson.

Different resources will be encoded with one of these, or others not listed here.

Rosie Perera

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126180#Comment_126180

One of the problems with these codes, is that there are a number of different Morphological Codes in use.

A document I have seems to suggest at least the following: Anderson-Forbes, Friberg, Gramcord, Logos, Robinson and Swanson.

Different resources will be encoded with one of these, or others not listed here.

No problem. We just need to document them all. Sigh. I thought I'd finished. [:(] I see I have a few more to do.

Floyd Johnson

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126180#Comment_126180

Thank you Rosie and Jim - Rosie the time you took is truly appreciated.

Rosie Perera

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126190#Comment_126190

OK, I've done Logos Greek Morphology, GRAMCORD Greek Morphology, Andersen Forbes Hebrew Morphology, and Westminster Hebrew Morphology (don't know yet whether there are differences between 3.5, 4.0, and 4.2 of the latter; I did 4.2 and I'm not inclined to spend the time for the older versions)

Still to do: Werkgroep Informatica (WIVU) Hebrew Morphology, Robinson Greek Morphology, Swanson Greek Morphology

I haven't found any resources yet tagged with Friberg and I'll need one in order to document them.

UPDATE: I'm not sure I want to tackle Aramaic (Andersen-Forbes, Westminster, and WIVU). Do people really want those morphologies documented?

UPDATE2: OK, I found Friberg (it's in AGNT). For my future reference: WIVU is in BHS/WIVU, Robinson is in Westcott & Hort Greek NT, and Swanson is in UBS4 w/ Swanson.

JimTowler

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126169#Comment_126169

Here, I might as well do it now while I'm at it.

WOW Rosie!!!

Many Thanks.

(I'll think I'm going to cut-N-paste your notes into a Word document, and play with making some nice pages, then print them and put into heat-sealed pockets. At least for the main Gramcord and Logos Morps that I'm mostly using. Not sure when I might do that. Whoever does it first might care to attach the document back here, or to a wiki page. Credit to Rosie of course.)

Floyd Johnson

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126218#Comment_126218

(I'll think I'm going to cut-N-paste your notes into a Word document, and play with making some nice pages, then print them and put into heat-sealed pockets. At least for the main Gramcord and Logos Morps that I'm mostly using. Not sure when I might do that. Whoever does it first might care to attach the document back here, or to a wiki page. Credit to Rosie of course.)

Jim:

I don't know if there is a way to attach general documents (i.e. Word, PDF, etc) to a forum page. But this sounds like something that might be of interest others, including me! Any chance of getting it posted to the forums or wiki when you are done?

Again, thanks to Rosie and yourself for the help you are providing here. I had no idea that my original question would generate so much work. A simple "It is not available" would have been an answer. Thanks a bunch for all the work.

NetworkGeek

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126271#Comment_126271

Thanks Rosie! You are truly an MVP! "Morphology Verification Person"!

Can this go on the Wiki?

James W Bennett

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126281#Comment_126281

Rosie,

If you can give a clue about your process for documenting these I can get the Syriac and possibly the Aramaic morphologies.

Rosie Perera

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126455#Comment_126455

Rosie,

If you can give a clue about your process for documenting these I can get the Syriac and possibly the Aramaic morphologies.

Sure, it was just brute force. Time consuming, but I got into a rhythm after a while, and found some shortcuts.

Open a Morph Search panel, select a Bible that is tagged with the morphology in question, and select that morphology if there are several possiblities to choose from.

Type @ in the Find box, and the menu will drop down with all the parts of speech.

As you click on each of these menu items in turn, you will see what the shortcut for that is up in the Find box after the @. Also the flyout menu will pop up giving you all the other sub-options within that part of speech that you can click on. For each of them, when you click on it you see what the shortcut is up above.

After a while I got sick of typing in all the menu item names myself, so I used screen capture (SnagIt) and then screen OCR software (ABBYY Screenshot Reader) to transform the menus into text on the clipboard, which I could then paste in. I still had to figure out and insert all the shortcuts myself manually.

I tried to keep to a consistent order of documenting each data type. First all the parts of speech, then for the first part of speech in the menu, all the grammatical categories that applied to it. When there were some which applied to multiple parts of speech (such as gender, case, number, etc.) I would look ahead to verify that the shortcuts were indeed the same for all of them, but then I could collapse them all into one section and mention in its header that it applied to adjectives, pronouns, nouns, and verbs, or whatever.

Finally, I did have to fiddle with the HTML code quite a bit, because copying and pasting from the screen gave me some weird artifacts, so I tied it all up into very simple unordered lists with no <span> or <div> tags and no classes within the other tags. If you don't know HTML, don't worry about it, but you might end up wrestling with formatting that doesn't want to do what you want it to do. But I think you should be fine if you type everything in manually. It's only a problem with the screen capture mechanism I was using. I still think it was worth it and saved me time, because the HTML editing was very mechanical and repetitive, and thus quick.

EDIT: The documentation really needs to be clarified a bit further if someone is going to be able to use it to decipher the text in the morphology line of the interlinear, because in addition to knowing which morphological tagging you're dealing with, the order of letters is crucial. A P in the first position means Preposition, but in some other position it could mean Plural (third position for a Noun, but fifth position for a Pronoun) or Present (tense for a verb, 2nd position) Passive (voice for a verb, 3rd position), etc.

Rosie Perera

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126519#Comment_126519

I've finished documenting all the Greek and Hebrew morphologies I could find. If you come across other ones, please let me know.

The wiki page is: http://wiki.logos.com/Morphology_Codes

James, if you are still up for doing the Syriac and Aramaic morphologies, be my guest. I don't know the first thing about either language, but I did discover three Aramaic morphologies: Andersen-Forbes, Westminster, and Werkgroep Informatica (WIVU), which all appear on the surface to be similar to their Hebrew counterparts. So you might be able to save yourself a lot of time by just copying the corresponding Hebrew morphology and changing whatever is different.

As for Syriac, all I could find was the Peshitta which is tagged with Sedra 3 Syriac Morphology. It looks like a beast to document. Have fun!

UPDATE: I just realized there's another Aramaic one: Comprehensive Aramaic Lexicon Morphology (CAL) Aramaic Morphology (which I think has a redundant name).

James W Bennett

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126923#Comment_126923

I am looking into the Syriac first and that will take some time. Family first, then thesis, then fun stuff

The Aramaic really should be somewhat close to the Hebrew as the morphologies are similar except for CAL. I'll get to those, starting with CAL, after the Syriac. So if anyone is in a hurry to get them feel free to start them.

djskinner@ualberta.net

https://community.logos.com/discussion/comment/126218#Comment_126218

WOW times 2, Rosie!

This is exactly what I was looking for and asking about in another post. No wonder I was feeling a little bewildered! This will help. Thanks!