ADVENT TIP OF THE DAY 3: Interfaith messianic evangelization
I am adding these posts to the previous tip list L/V 10 Tip of the Day ;
QUESTION: What are the primary Messianic prophecies recognized by Judaism or Christianity but not both?
ANSWER: from Perplexity:
Based on the search results, here are some messianic prophecies recognized by either Judaism or Christianity but not both:
Prophecies Recognized Primarily by Christianity
1. Isaiah 7:14: The prophecy of a virgin conceiving and bearing a son called Immanuel. While mentioned in Jewish sources, it is not typically interpreted messianically in Judaism.
2. Isaiah 53: The entire chapter, often interpreted by Christians as describing the suffering servant (Jesus), is not universally accepted as a messianic prophecy in Judaism.
3. Zechariah 9:9: The prophecy of a king coming to Jerusalem, humble and riding on a donkey. While recognized in Judaism, it's more prominently emphasized in Christianity as fulfilled by Jesus.
4. Psalm 22:16: Interpreted by Christians as a prophecy of crucifixion, but not typically viewed as messianic in Judaism.
Prophecies Recognized Primarily by Judaism
1. Isaiah 2:3-4 and Micah 4:2-3: Prophecies of universal peace and nations streaming to Jerusalem. While recognized by both religions, Judaism emphasizes these as unfulfilled messianic prophecies.
2. Isaiah 11:1-9: Prophecy of the wolf dwelling with the lamb and universal peace. Judaism sees this as a yet-to-be-fulfilled messianic prophecy.
3. Ezekiel 34:23-24: The prophecy of one shepherd, identified as "David," ruling over God's people. This is interpreted differently in Judaism and Christianity.
4. Daniel 7:13-14: The vision of one like a son of man coming with the clouds of heaven. While both religions recognize this, the interpretation differs significantly.
It's important to note that interpretations can vary within each religion, and some prophecies may be recognized by both but interpreted differently1.
QUESTION: Who are some of the significant false Messiahs of Judaism?
ANSWER: from Wikipedia:
In Judaism, "messiah" originally meant "a divinely appointed king" or "anointed one", such as Aaron the brother of Moses,[citation needed] David, Cyrus the Great[1] or Alexander the Great. Later, especially after the failure of the Hasmonean Kingdom (37 BC) and the Jewish–Roman wars (AD 66–135), the figure of the Jewish messiah was one who would deliver the Jews from oppression and usher in an Olam Haba ("world to come") or Messianic Age. However the term "false messiah" was largely absent from rabbinic literature. The first mention is in the Sefer Zerubbabel, from the mid-seventh century, which uses the term, mashiah sheker, ("false messiah").
Jesus of Nazareth (c. 4 BC – 30/33 AD), a religious leader who was persecuted by the Roman Empire for alleged sedition and is believed by Christians to have been crucified and resurrected. Jews who believed him to be the Messiah were originally called Nazarenes and later they were known as Jewish Christians (the first Christians). Baháʼís, Muslims, and Christians (including Messianic Jews) believe him to be the Messiah.
Dositheos the Samaritan (mid 1st century), Origen wrote that Dositheos wished to persuade the Samaritans that he was the Jewish Messiah who was prophesied by Moses, and classes him with John the Baptist, Theodas, and Judas of Galilee as people whom the Jews mistakenly held to be the Christ (Hom. xxv in Lucam; Contra Celsum, I, lvii).
Simon bar Kokhba, born Simon ben Koseva, (d. 135 AD) who led the apical Bar Kokhba revolt against the Roman Empire. For three years, bar Kokhba ruled as the nasi, or prince, of a semi-independent secessionist state in Israel. Some rabbinical scholars, including the great sage Akiva, proclaimed bar Kokhba as the Messiah. He died during the rebels' last stand at the fortress of Betar, after which the rebellion was brutally crushed and the land was left largely decimated, cementing both the slowly growing Jewish diaspora and the schism between Christianity and Judaism.
Shlomo Molcho, born Diogo Pires (1500–1532) in Lisbon to parents who were Jewish converts to Christianity. After meeting David Reuveni, he left his post as secretary to the king's council, traveled to Damascus, Safed, Jerusalem and later Solonika, where he studied kabbalah and became a mystic. He was eventually reunited with Reuveni, declared his aspirations as messiah, and was finally burned at the stake by the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V, for refusing to convert back to Christianity.
Sabbatai Zevi (alternative spellings: Shabbetai, Sabbetai, Shabbesai; Zvi, Tzvi) (b. at Smyrna 1626; d. at Dulcigno (present day Ulcinj) 1676), a Sephardic ordained rabbi from Smyrna (now İzmir, Turkey), who was active throughout the Ottoman Empire and claimed to be the long-awaited Messiah. He was the founder of the Sabbatean movement, whose followers subsequently were to be known as Dönmeh "converts" or crypto-Jews - one of the most important messianic movements, whose influence was widespread throughout Jewry.[citation needed] His influence is felt even today. After his death, Sabbatai was followed by a line of putative followers who declared themselves Messiahs and are sometimes grouped as the "Sabbethaian Messiahs".
Menachem Mendel Schneerson (1902–1994), seventh Rebbe of Chabad Lubavitch; some of his followers believed that he was the Jewish Messiah during his lifetime, and some of them continue to believe so after his death in 1994. The number of believers grew in size after his death. Some of his followers believe that Schneerson never died. While Schneerson remained cryptic about such assertions, many of his followers do believe he was the Jewish Messiah. The issue remains controversial within both the Chabad movement and the broader Jewish community.
QUESTION: Are there works by these false messiahs in Logos/Verbum?
ANSWER: :Logos store front:
Sabbatai Ṣevi: The Mystical Messiah, 1626–1676 (Bollingen Series, 208) by Gershom Gerhard Scholem Note: this is in prepublication.
QUESTION: In Islam, what is the relationship of the second coming of Isa (Jesus) and Mahdi?
ANSWER: from Perplexity:
The relationship between the Mahdi and Isa (Jesus) in Islamic eschatology is characterized by cooperation and shared purpose in establishing justice and defeating evil. Key aspects of their relationship include:
Timing of Appearance
The Mahdi is expected to appear first, shortly before Isa's descent.
Isa will descend during the Mahdi's time, joining him in his mission.
Leadership Roles
The Mahdi will be the primary leader and Imam.
Isa will pray behind the Mahdi, acknowledging his leadership.
Shared Mission
Both will work together to defeat the Dajjal (Antichrist).
They will jointly establish peace and justice in the world.
Specific Actions
The Mahdi will lead an army against evil forces.
Isa will descend near Damascus and join the Mahdi's efforts.
Together, they will conquer the world and establish a righteous caliphate.
Duration of Rule
The Mahdi is expected to rule for 7 to 13 years.
Isa will remain for 40 years after the Mahdi's death.
This cooperative relationship between the Mahdi and Isa is a central element in Islamic eschatology, symbolizing the ultimate triumph of good over evil2.
1 and and and https://www.jewishvoice.org/learn/jesus-did-not-fulfill-messianic-prophecies-found-old-testament and
2 and and https://www.tabletmag.com/sections/news/articles/why-jews-are-not-for-jesus https://www.al-islam.org/al-mahdi-sayyid-sadruddin-sadr/chapter-4https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahdi http://ijtihadnet.com/imam-mahdias-shia-sunni-beliefs/
Orthodox Bishop Alfeyev: "To be a theologian means to have experience of a personal encounter with God through prayer and worship."; Orthodox proverb: "We know where the Church is, we do not know where it is not."