I am adding these posts to the previous tip list L/V 10 Tip of the Day
QUESTION: List the common schemes.
ANSWER: from Wikipedia: Figure of Speech
Schemes are words or phrases whose syntax, sequence, or pattern occurs in a manner that varies from an ordinary usage.
Accumulatio: restating, through accumulation, already said arguments in a concise and forceful manner.
Alliteration: the occurrence of the same letter or sound at the beginning of adjacent or closely connected words.
Anadiplosis: repetition of a word at the end of a clause and then at the beginning of its succeeding clause.
Anaphora: the repetition of a word or phrase at the beginning of successive clauses.
Anastrophe: changing the object, subject and verb order in a clause.
Anti-climax: an abrupt descent (either deliberate or unintended) on the part of a speaker or writer from the strong conclusion that appeared imminent.
Antimetabole: a sentence consisting of the repetition of words in successive clauses, but in reverse order.
Antithesis: juxtaposition of opposing or contrasting ideas in separate clauses.
Aphorismus: statement that calls into question if a word or phrase is properly used to characterize a subject.
Aposiopesis: breaking off or pausing speech for dramatic or emotional effect, often through the use of dashes or ellipses.
Assonance: repetition of vowel sounds: "Smooth move!" or "Please leave!" or "That's the fact Jack!"
Asyndeton: omission of conjunctions between related clauses.
Chiasmus: two or more clauses related to each other through a reversal of structures in order to make a larger point. subordinate class to antimetabole.
Climax: arrangement of words in an ascending order.
Consonance: repetition of consonant sounds, most commonly within a short passage of verse.
Correlative verse: matching items in two sequences.
Diacope: repetition of a word or phrase with one or two intervening words.
Elision: omission of one or more letters in speech, making it colloquial.
Enallage: wording ignoring grammatical rules or conventions.
Epanalepsis: ending sentences with their beginning.
Epiphrase: one or more sentences (typically of the author's understanding/expression of the issue) added to the end of a completed sentence
Epistrophe (also known as antistrophe): repetition of the same word or group of words at the end of successive clauses. The counterpart of anaphora.
Epizeuxis: repetition of a single word, with no other intervening words.
Hendiadys: use of two nouns to express an idea when it normally would consist of an adjective and a noun.
Hendiatris: use of three nouns to express one idea.
Homeoteleuton: words with the same ending.
Hypallage: a transferred epithet from a conventional choice of wording.[9]
Hyperbaton: two ordinary associated words are detached.[10][11] The term is also used more generally for any figure of speech that transposes natural word order.[11]
Hypozeuxis: every clause having its own independent subject and predicate.
Hysteron proteron: the inversion of the usual temporal or causal order between two elements.
Isocolon: use of parallel structures of the same length in successive clauses.
Internal rhyme: using two or more rhyming words in the same sentence.
Litotes: an understatement achieved by negating the opposite statement, such as "not too bad" for "very good", or "she is not a beauty queen" for "she is ugly", yielding an ironical effect.
Onomatopoeia: word that imitates a real sound (e.g. tick-tock or boom).
Paradiastole: A rhetorical device using euphemistic or mild language to avoid offence or harsh reality.
Parallelism: the use of similar structures in two or more clauses.
Paraprosdokian: A sentence or phrase with an unexpected twist or surprise at the end.
Paroemion: alliteration in which nearly every word in a sentence or phrase begins with the same letter.
Polyptoton: repetition of words derived from the same root.
Polysyndeton: close repetition of conjunctions.
Sibilance: repetition of letter 's', it is a form of consonance.
Spoonerism: switching places of syllables within two words in a sentence yielding amusement.
Syncope: omission of parts of a word or phrase.
Symploce: simultaneous use of anaphora and epistrophe: the repetition of the same word or group of words at the beginning and the end of successive clauses.
Synchysis: words that are intentionally scattered to create perplexment.
Synecdoche: referring to a part by its whole or vice versa.
Synonymia: use of two or more synonyms in the same clause or sentence.
Tautology: redundancy due to superfluous qualification; saying the same thing twice.
Tmesis: insertions of content within a compound word.
Tricolon diminuens: combination of three elements, each decreasing in size.
Tricolon crescens: combination of three elements, each increasing in size.
Zeugma: the using of one verb for two or more actions.
QUESTION: List the common tropes.
ANSWER: from Wikipedia: Figure of Speech
Tropes are words or phrases whose contextual meaning differs from the manner or sense in which they are ordinarily used.
Accismus: expressing the want of something by denying it.[12]
Adynaton: an extreme form of hyperbole (exaggeration). It the opposite of understatement.
Allegory: a metaphoric narrative in which the literal elements indirectly reveal a parallel story of symbolic or abstract significance.[13][14][15]
Allusion: covert reference to another work of literature or art.
Anacoenosis: posing a question to an audience, often with the implication that it shares a common interest with the speaker.
Analogy: a comparison between two things, typically for the purpose of explanation or clarification.
Anapodoton: leaving a common known saying unfinished.
Antanaclasis: a form of pun in which a word is repeated in two different senses.[16]
Anthimeria: transformation of a word of a certain word class to another word class: such as a noun for a verb and vice versa. [17]
Anthropomorphism: ascribing human characteristics to something that is not human, such as an animal or a god (see zoomorphism).
Antiphrasis: a name or a phrase used ironically such that it is obvious of what the true intention is: see verbal irony.
Antonomasia: substitution of a proper name for a phrase or vice versa.
Aphorism: briefly phrased, easily memorable statement of a truth or opinion, an adage.
Aporia: faked or sincere puzzled questioning.
Apophasis: (Invoking) an idea by denying its (invocation), also known as occupatio or paralipsis.
Apostrophe: when an actor or speaker addresses an absent third party, often a personified abstraction or inanimate object.
Bathos: pompous speech with a ludicrously mundane worded anti-climax.
Catachresis: blatant misuse of words or phrases.
Cliché: overused phrase or theme.
Dysphemism: substitution of a harsher, more offensive, or more disagreeable term for another. Opposite of euphemism.
Ekphrasis: lively describing something you see, often a painting.
Epanorthosis: immediate and emphatic self-correction, often following a slip of the tongue.
Euphemism: substitution of a less offensive or more agreeable term for another.
Hyperbole: use of exaggerated terms for emphasis.
Hypocatastasis: an implication or declaration of resemblance that does not directly name both terms.
Hypophora: answering one's own rhetorical question at length.
Illeism: the act of referring to oneself in the third person instead of first person.
Innuendo: having a hidden meaning in a sentence that makes sense whether it is detected or not.
Irony: use of word in a way that conveys a meaning opposite to its usual meaning.[18]
Kenning: using a compound word neologism to form a metonym.
Litotes: emphasizing the magnitude of a statement by denying its opposite.
Malapropism: using a word through confusion with a word that sounds similar.
Meiosis: use of understatement, usually to diminish the importance of something.
Merism: type of synecdoche referring to two or more contrasting parts to describe it's whole
Metalepsis: figurative speech is used in a new context.
Metaphor: an implied comparison between two things, attributing the properties of one thing to another that it does not literally possess.[19]
Metonymy: a thing or concept is called not by its own name but rather by the name of something associated in meaning with that thing or concept.
Nosism: the practice of using the pronoun we to refer to oneself when expressing a personal opinion.
Non sequitur: statement that bears no relationship to the context preceding.
Onomatopoeia: words that sound like their meaning.
Oxymoron: using two terms together, that normally contradict each other.
Parable: extended metaphor told as an anecdote to illustrate or teach a moral lesson.
Paradiastole: extenuating a vice in order to flatter or soothe.
Paradox: use of apparently contradictory ideas to point out some underlying truth.
Paraprosdokian: phrase in which the latter part causes a rethinking or reframing of the beginning.
Parody: humouristic imitation.
Paronomasia: pun in which similar-sounding words but words having a different meaning are used.
Pathetic fallacy: ascribing human conduct and feelings to nature.
Personification: attributing or applying human qualities to inanimate objects, animals, or natural phenomena.
Pleonasm: the use of more words than is necessary for clear expression.
Procatalepsis: refuting anticipated objections as part of the main argument.
Proslepsis: extreme form of paralipsis in which the speaker provides great detail while feigning to pass over a topic.
Proverb: succinct or pithy, often metaphorical, expression of wisdom commonly believed true.
Pun: play on words that has two meanings.
Rhetorical question: asking a question as a way of asserting something. Asking a question that already has the answer hidden in it, or asking a question not to get an answer, but to assert something (or to create a poetic effect).
Satire: humoristic criticism of society.
Sesquipedalianism: use of long and obscure words.
Simile: comparison between two things using like or as.
Snowclone: alteration of cliché or phrasal template.
Syllepsis: the use of a word in its figurative and literal sense at the same time or a single word used in relation to two other parts of a sentence although the word grammatically or logically applies to only one.
Synecdoche: form of metonymy, referring to a part by its whole, or a whole by its part.
Synesthesia: description of one kind of sense impression by using words that normally describe another.
Tautology: superfluous repetition of the same sense in different words Example: The children gathered in a round circle
Zeugma: use of a single verb to describe two or more actions.
Zoomorphism: applying animal characteristics to humans or gods.
