How do I search a Reverse Interlinear for untranslated and added words?
How do I search a Reverse Interlinear for words that are added to the translation? Let me explain:
I know how to search a reverse interlinear simultaneously in two languages. For example, to find where the English "you" is a translation of the Greek σύ, I enter the following search string in the "Bible" search type:
you ANDEQUALS ([field bible, content] <lemma = lbs/el/σύ>)
This produces 9 results in NRSV Jude.
Conversely, if I wanted to find where σύ is translated as "you", I can search for
([field bible, content] <lemma = lbs/el/σύ>) ANDEQUALS you
This also produces 9 results in NRSV Jude.
Or if I want to know what the exceptions to this translation equivalence are, I can search for
([field bible, content] <lemma = lbs/el/σύ>) NOTEQUALS you
This produces 3 results in NRSV Jude ("yours" and "your").
And
you NOTEQUALS ([field bible, content] <lemma = lbs/el/σύ>)
This produces 3 (different) results in NRSV Jude, two of which have a Greek lemma of - (nothing). It is these two hits that I am interested in. The English "you" was added in Jude 4 and 24, in order to make good English.
My question is, how do I find such instances? I want to find every word that has been added to a translation.
I also want to find every time an original-language word has been left untranslated. For example, the first καί in Jude 2 is omitted in the NRSV because English doesn't put "and" between the first and second items in a list of three.How would I search for these omissions?
Is there a keyword like NULL or EMPTY or ""?
Comments
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Ken M. Penner said:
I want to find every word that has been added to a translation.
I don't know if there is an easier way to do this, but one way, is to make a visual filter using morph for every part of speech using the @ symbol. You could make each part of speech a different color. The words that are left black are the ones added. If you need specific directions feel free to ask. This is probably a power hog so restrict the filter to one translation of the New Testament. (Some have done this for the Greek New Testament, in which case every word is colored, to identify parts of speech by color.)
"For the kingdom of God does not consist in words but in power"
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If I have to do the count manually, I can just turn on the interlinear and count where there is a dot in the Greek line or the English line. I'm looking for something more automated, something that will give me a count of the plusses and minuses in the Septuagint of Isaiah.
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Ken M. Penner said:
If I have to do the count manually, I can just turn on the interlinear and count where there is a dot in the Greek line or the English line. I'm looking for something more automated, something that will give me a count of the plusses and minuses in the Septuagint of Isaiah.
Use The Parallel Aligned Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Texts of Jewish Scripture to search for the minus symbols.
These were researched by Prof. Frank Polak and Galen Marquis. The classification of the minuses in the above resource is explained in detail in A Classified Index of the Minuses of the Septuagint. Part I: Introduction. In co-operation with Frank Polak and Galen Marquis as CATSS – BASIC TOOLS, volume 4, Emanuel Tov (ed.) as part of the CATSS Project R.A. Kraft and E. Tov (directors). Print24.com: Cape Town, 2001.
Because of the methodology employed for the creation of the Lexham/Logos Hebrew/Greek reverse interlinear Septuagint it cannot be relied upon for such searches.
EDIT: BTW This will be of little use in the LXX of Isaiah because it is not a literal translation. If you are interested in the LXX of Isaiah you best read Seeligman's classic Septuagint of Isaiah. A scholarly tour de force.
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Thanks for your well-informed input, David. However, I am still unable to search the LXX for plusses and minuses.
I thought Polak and Marquis' work only covered the Pentateuch, and was discontinued after volume 2. I understand Frank went on to edit the MT/LXX Parallels database of CATSS. If I wanted a print resource, I would look to Miriam Croughs' work http://hum.leiden.edu/religion/research/projects/pluses-and-minuses-in-the-septuagint-of-isaiah-mirjam-croughs.html
Perhaps someone could kindly tell me how to search The Parallel Aligned Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Texts of Jewish Scripture for the plus and minus symbols. I have tried this, and I can use Ctrl-F for the + symbol, but I don't know how to enter + and - in an actual search.
I am writing the Isaiah volume in Brill's Septuagint Commentary series, so I have read the work of Isac Seeligmann (two N's). By the way, I take issue with his theory of contemporizing interpretation; if you are interested, Google Penner Seeligmann.
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Ken M. Penner said:
My question is, how do I find such instances? I want to find every word that has been added to a translation.
For specific words it is relatively simple eg.
you NOTEQUALS <G1-5624>
will give the instances in Jude where "you" was added. It works because the valid range of Greek Strong's numbers is 1 - 5624. If there is no Strong's number then there is no Greek word. Obviously, the translation must contain Greek Strong's numbers. If you are feeling brave then try the wildcard:-
* NOTEQUALS <G1-5624>
this search took 105 sec in Jude on my quad core (207 results in ESV)!
Ken M. Penner said:I also want to find every time an original-language word has been left untranslated. For example, the first καί in Jude 2 is omitted
Again fairly straightforward for specific words eg.
lemma:καί NOTEQUALS (and, also, even)
The results will actually show a highlighted dot . where the word was not translated.
Dave
===Windows 11 & Android 13
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Ken M. Penner said:
I thought Polak and Marquis' work only covered the Pentateuch, and was discontinued after volume 2. I understand Frank went on to edit the MT/LXX Parallels database of CATSS. If I wanted a print resource, I would look to Miriam Croughs' work http://hum.leiden.edu/religion/research/projects/pluses-and-minuses-in-the-septuagint-of-isaiah-mirjam-croughs.html
I referred you only to the introduction.
Ken M. Penner said:Perhaps someone could kindly tell me how to search The Parallel Aligned Hebrew-Aramaic and Greek Texts of Jewish Scripture for the plus and minus symbols. I have tried this, and I can use Ctrl-F for the + symbol, but I don't know how to enter + and - in an actual search.
I use it on a different platform where this can be done.
Ken M. Penner said:I am writing the Isaiah volume in Brill's Septuagint Commentary series, so I have read the work of Isac Seeligmann (two N's). By the way, I take issue with his theory of contemporizing interpretation; if you are interested, Google Penner Seeligmann.
Very interested. I will read it. I guess you must know Ziegler's work too and Troxel's. For the purpose of such a commentary you certainly received the best part of the LXX! Looking forward to reading your book as well.
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I'm not looking for specific words.
The Strong's search doesn't work; there are far too many false positives.
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